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Tech Careers: The Brutal Reality

Three years of layoffs. Entry-level hiring collapsed 73%. 500+ applications for one job. AI replacing junior roles. Here's what the data actually shows about breaking into tech in 2025.

120K+
Tech workers laid off in 2025
-73%
Entry-level hiring decline
-36%
Tech job postings since 2020
30%
2025 grads with full-time jobs
6.1%
CS grad unemployment rate
Three Years of Carnage: 2022-2025
2022: The Correction Begins
93,000 workers laid off
Interest rates rise. VC funding dries up. Companies realize they overhired during COVID. The bloodbath begins.
2023: Peak Devastation
264,000 workers laid off
The worst year. Meta, Amazon, Google, Microsoft slash tens of thousands. 1,193 companies conduct layoffs. "Year of Efficiency" becomes corporate euphemism for mass firings.
2024: The Pain Continues
153,000 workers laid off
Layoffs slow but don't stop. 551 companies cut staff. AI automation kicks into high gear. Entry-level roles evaporate.
2025: No End in Sight
120,000+ workers laid off (YTD)
237 companies conduct layoffs so far. Meta cuts 5% citing "low performers." Salesforce axes 1,000 for AI roles. Intel plans 15-20% foundry division cuts.

Total damage: 630,000+ tech workers laid off since 2022. That's more than the entire population of Milwaukee. And these are just the publicly reported numbers.

The Entry-Level Apocalypse

Entry-level tech hiring has collapsed 73% in the past year. Before the pandemic, new grads made up 15% of Big Tech hires. Now? 7%. Meanwhile, the supply of candidates has exploded.

What You're Competing Against
  • 300-500+ applications per entry-level role
  • Senior engineers laid off from FAANG taking junior roles
  • AI tools replacing entry-level tasks
  • Companies eliminating entire new grad programs
  • Bootcamp grads facing 12+ month job searches
  • 41% of CS grads underemployed
  • Only 30% of 2025 grads got full-time jobs in their field
Why Companies Won't Hire You
  • "Why hire an undergrad when AI is cheaper and quicker?"
  • Remote work made onboarding juniors harder
  • 500,000+ senior engineers flooded market after layoffs
  • Training junior engineers = expensive investment
  • Economic uncertainty = risk aversion
  • AI can iterate code in minutes vs. days for juniors
  • "Lean is in" - every company wants experienced talent only
Location Matters More Than Ever

Tech job postings aren't declining equally across cities:

Austin, TX
-28% tech jobs
Least impacted major tech hub. Non-tech jobs actually up 11%.
San Francisco Bay Area
Still #1 for job postings
Most dense concentration of tech jobs, but brutal competition. Remote work made it less mandatory to be there.
Boston, MA
-51% tech jobs
Hardest hit major market. Non-tech jobs only down 8%.

Remote work reality: Only 35% of engineering jobs are open to remote candidates (down from 56% in 2022). But remote jobs get 4.5X as many applications. Remote work made the market more competitive, not less.

The Only Tech Jobs Growing
Hot Roles (Actually Hiring)
  • AI/ML Engineer: +59% postings vs 2020
  • Cybersecurity Analyst: +367% projected growth
  • Data Scientist: +414% projected growth
  • Cloud Engineer: High demand across industries
  • DevOps Engineer: Top 15% in-demand roles
  • AI Risk/Governance Specialist: +150% demand
  • NLP Engineer: Fastest-growing AI role
Dying Roles (Don't Bother)
  • Software Developer (generic): -33% postings
  • Android Developer: -60%+ postings
  • Java Developer: -60%+ postings
  • .NET Developer: -60%+ postings
  • iOS Developer: -60%+ postings
  • Web Developer: -60%+ postings
  • Computer Programmer (BLS): -6% decline projected
AI: Your Competition, Not Your Tool

78% of tech roles now include AI technical skills. Companies aren't using AI to help junior engineers—they're using AI to replace junior engineers.

What employers are thinking: "Entry-level marketing jobs are using generative AI to create first drafts. Early career data analysts are using AI to prepare datasets. Why pay $70K for a junior when ChatGPT costs $20/month?"

The jobs AI is taking first: Data entry, basic coding tasks, documentation writing, junior QA testing, content creation, basic data analysis—all the tasks that used to be stepping stones for entry-level workers.

Fed Governor Christopher Waller (October 2025): "Layoffs and reductions in hiring plans due to AI use are expected to increase, especially for workers with a college degree."

The Bottom Line

Is tech dead? No. Is breaking into tech brutally hard in 2025? Yes.

The 2020-2021 hiring boom was an anomaly. Tech jobs are still growing—BLS projects +317,700 annual openings through 2034. But those jobs aren't going to fresh CS grads cold-applying on LinkedIn.

If you're trying to break in: The entry-level market is a bloodbath. 300-500 applications per role. 73% drop in entry-level hiring. 70% of recent grads don't have jobs in their field. Generic "software engineer" applications go into a black hole. You need specialization (AI/ML, cybersecurity, cloud), referrals, proof of work (GitHub portfolio, not just Leetcode), and frankly, a backup plan.

If you're already in: The experienced market is better but still competitive. 500,000+ laid-off senior engineers are competing for the same roles. Specialize in high-demand areas (AI, security, cloud). Generic full-stack developers are competing with AI and millions of others. The middle is disappearing—you're either indispensable or replaceable.

The CS degree question: A CS degree still helps you pass resume screens, but it won't carry you alone. 95% of employers say it's harder to find candidates with the right skills despite record CS enrollment. The degree gets you in the door; actual projects, internships, and specialized skills get you hired.

The harsh truth: Tech is still a good career—for those who can actually break in. But the guaranteed path to $100K+ that everyone promised? That's over. The market has permanently changed. The question isn't whether tech jobs exist (they do). The question is whether YOU can compete for them in 2025.

What You Can Actually Do

If you're a student or recent grad:

  • Specialize in AI/ML, cybersecurity, or cloud—generic SWE is dying
  • Build real projects with actual companies (externships, not just school projects)
  • Get referrals—cold applications have less than 1% success rate
  • Consider adjacent paths: data analytics, IT, technical consulting
  • Have a backup plan—seriously, 70% of grads don't get tech jobs

If you're laid off or job searching:

  • Target smaller companies, not just Big Tech
  • Consider geographic arbitrage—Austin over Boston right now
  • Upskill in AI/ML even if it wasn't your specialty before
  • Use contract/project work to build recent experience
  • Be willing to take a title/pay step down—VPs are applying for director roles

The new reality: Success in tech requires strategy, not just skill. The spray-and-pray approach doesn't work anymore. You need proof of work, specialized skills, and realistic expectations about timelines and competition.

Data Sources: Layoffs.fyi, TrueUp.io Tech Layoff Tracker, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Ravio 2025 Tech Job Market Report, Indeed Hiring Lab, SignalFire, Revelio Labs, Crunchbase News, National Association of Colleges and Employers, Wellfound, General Assembly State of Tech Talent 2025, Federal Reserve research, Harvard Business School, MIT research, World Economic Forum Future of Jobs Report, CompTIA State of Tech Workforce, Robert Half 2025-2026 reports, AI Workforce Consortium (Cisco), Cengage Group Graduate Employability Report, PwC Global AI Jobs Barometer.